Review 2: You will say, aloud, both the Greek word on the left and the definition on the right.  If you make a mistake then you must stay on that word until you choose the correct answer and then you must proceed to the end of the exercise before going back to start over.

Once you have gone all the way through this exercise, from memory alone, without any mistakes, then you may proceed to the next review.

Review 3: You will say, aloud, both the phrase on the left and the definition on the right.  If you make a mistake then you must stay on that word until you choose the correct answer and then you must proceed to the end of the exercise before going back to start over.

Once you have gone all the way through this exercise, from memory alone, without any mistakes, then you may proceed to the next review.

 LESSON FIVE

The First Declension

    There are three declensions in Greek. The second declension was given first because it is easier.  We will now study The First Declension.

declension, def. the change of endings in nouns and adjectives to express their different relations of gender.

a declension: The First Declension is sometimes called the "a declension" because its stems end in a (or its other form h); but, it is oft disguised in combinations- as the o was in the Second Declension.

Memorize these vocabulary words.  You will be tested on them.

NOTE:  All nouns of this declension ending in a or h (which is all of those in this vocabulary chart) are feminine.
Notice the feminine article, h, after each word in the vocabulary.

Declension of wra, h, an hour

The stem of wra is actually the entire word, wra; but, because of the disguising of it when it combines

with various endings, it is more convenient to consider wr- as the stem and the a, aV, an, ai, wn, and

aiV as the endings.

Vocabulary practice:
1. Do not use any study materials for this exercise except the vocabulary pronunciation guide on the exercise page. The exercise must be done from memory alone.
2. You must keep repeating the exercise until you can do it all the way through with no mistakes.
    If you make a mistake on a word, you must stay on that word until you pick the right definition and then you must continue all the way through the rest of the exercise before you start your repeat. 
3. All Greek and English words and phrases must be pronounced aloud as you do this exercise.
4.  When you finish the vocabulary practice page you will automatically be routed back to this page.
5. Click HERE to go to the vocabulary practice page.

Upon your return from the vocabulary practice page,
please answer these two questions.

Translation exercise:

1. Pronounce all English and Greek phrases aloud.
2. You may use any previous materials during this exercise if you want to do so.
3.  You must repeat the exercise, pronouncing all English and Greek aloud, until you can do it all the way through without any mistakes.
   If you make a mistake, then repeat that portion until you pick the right Greek translation.  Then continue on through the rest of the exercise before starting over for your next attempt.
4. You may continue when you can complete this exercise with no mistakes.

translate:

Analytical Greek Lexicon work:

    One of our goals is to learn how to use an Analytical Greek Lexicon.  By now you have a basic understanding and mastery of the Greek alphabet.  You also have a basic knowledge of at least a portion of the Greek vocabulary.  Armed with that knowledge we will now begin familiarizing ourselves with the Lexicon and its use.

Side By Side Study: To learn how to read the textbook and the Lexicon or some other study aid side by side on your monitor screen, click HERE to go to instructions for how to bring them both up on your screen at the same time.

Definition:
    An Analytical Greek Lexicon has the Greek words in alphabetical order (Greek alphabetical order) along with the English definitions for those Greek words plus analytical and other information.
    From the flyleaf of the front cover of the 1978 Edition published by Zondervan,
"... its distinguishing feature is that every word of the New Testament, exactly as it stands in the original text, is given in alphabetical order, with a complete grammatical analysis of each entry and and indication of its root."

    In addition, the Lexicon contains verb, noun, and article charts plus various other charts and explanations.
    Most Lexicons today are based upon the standard work published by Bagster and Sons Ltd. of London, and released in the USA in 1852.  The copy that is online here for your use was published in 1870 and is in the Public Domain.  There have been a few additions and updates in later editions of this work, many simply to correct spelling mistakes, and some to add a few Greek words from the New Testament that may have been overlooked in the original.  However, in its essence, the original still stands as the seminal work of its kind and also stands as the standard work from which later versions draw ninety-nine and more percent of their total presentation.  As such, it is more than sufficient for our current studies.

Lexical Exercise One:

   Look up the following words and be prepared to give the English definition found in the Lexicon.

    Some words are derivatives and can be found listed under the main word.  In such cases, I have listed the root word first in the line of words I have given you to look up in the Lexicon.

Example:  Here is a line of Greek words that you will be looking up in the Lexicon.

didaskw, didaktoV, didaktikoV, didaskaloV, didaskalia, didach

Notice that the first word in the line is didaskw.  It is listed first because the words after it in the line are all derivatives of that word and will be found listed in the Lexicon under that main word.

  Immediately below is a reproduction of a half of a page out of Bagster's Analytical Greek Lexicon, which we have online for your use. On that page, page 98, you see the first word in the look-up list, didaskw, at the top of the page on the left side right under the page heading didas.  Below didaskw you can see the rest of the Greek words listed in your look-up list. And in this case they happen to be listed in the order in which I have given them to you in that line in the look-up list.  However, this is not the case in all of the lines of Greek words in the list I will give you, only in some of the lines.

   If you will notice, the lexicon also lists various endings right after the Greek word.  Notice the last word on the page reproduced above, and pay particular attention to the endings given after didach which will look like this in the Lexicon  .  Those endings, hV, & h, signify that the meanings given are for didach, didachV, & didach with the final h on the last word indicated having a breathing mark which means that the letter is pronounced "hay" instead of "ay."  Thus the last word would be pronounced di-dahks-hay' with the emphasis being on the "hay."

Now proceed with the exercise.
    When you click on the link for Bagster's Analytical Greek Lexicon, it will open in another window.  If you shrink that window down to half the size of your screen and shrink this textbook window down to half the size of your screen, then you can move those two windows until they are side by side so that you can work in the textbook and in the Lexicon at the same time.  Whichever window you click on becomes the active window but you can still see what is in the other window and you can switch back to it at anytime by simply clicking anywhere on it to activate it.

List of Greek words to look up in the Lexicon.

didaskw, didaktoV, didaktikoV, didaskaloV, didaskalia, didach

diaballw, diaboloV, o diaboloV   (as used in Jno 6:70, "Jno" in the Lexicon is the abbrev. used for John)

aggeloV, aggelw, aggelia

uioV, uioV anqrwpou (as used in Mar 3:28)

gnwsiV, gaza

agioV, agiasmoV, agiothV, agiasw (fut. of agiazw)

    If you pick a wrong answer, you must stay on that Greek word until you pick the right answer and then continue on to the end of the exercise before starting over.

    You may advance to the next exercise when you can go through this whole exercise without making any mistakes.

Click HERE to open the Lexicon in another window. 

Finding derivative words that don't have definitions listed beside them:

    Most words in the Lexicon do not have the definition listed directly with the Greek word.  Usually only the main words have the definition listed, while the derivative words point you to those words for definition.

Explanation:

    To find the definition of derivative words you will go through several steps in the Lexicon:

1. Find the word you are trying to define.  In our example, we will use didacaiV.
   Once you have found that word, read what is next to it and you will find what the word is and, on the right, the word from which it is derived.

In our example on p. 98 you will find:
 

       Here we find that  didacaiV is the dative plural form of the word didach.

2. The next step is to find the word didach in the Lexicon.  In this instance it happens to be only one entry below our word, didacaiV.  In many cases this is not the case and you may find the word in a distant part of the Lexicon.  No matter where it is, find it.

   Once you have found that word, didach, you will find that it too is a derivative word- it is derived from didaskw, as can be seen in the entry below from the Lexicon.
     

     CAUTION:  Make sure the Greek word that you find in the Lexicon has exactly the same markings as the word you are trying to find.  Same breathing, accent, iota subscript, etc.

3. Once you have followed these steps as many times as necessary you will eventually reach the main word that has the definitions listed with it.  In this case it is the first word we used in the previous exercise, didaskw.

4. Now that we are at the main word in the Lexicon, didacw, we can find our derivative word.
    NOTE: When we go to that final word in the Lexicon to look for the definition, we will look for the word that referred us to the final word rather than look for our original word.  In this case, it is didach that we look for, rather than our original word, didacaiV, because it is didach that referred us to didacw.

In Bagster's Lexicon we can find the word didach, from which our word didacaiV is derived, listed as the last derivative below the main word, didacw.

I will now reproduce that column from Bagster's and walk you through the process.

    Start with #1. then #2. then #3. and then #4., in that order.

    This is the same order given in the written explanation above.

	3.  We now have found the main word, didascw     in the Lexicon (far left).  We will now go down the      column until we come to the heading for didach,      from which our word didacaiV is derived.
	4.  We now have found the word, didach, from     which our word didacaiV is derived.    We can now find the definition of the word which is:  instruc-       tion, the giving of instruction, teaching.  We also  find       various specific verses with particular variations on the       word.  Such as "Mar. 4.2; 12.38, et al.  instruction, what is       taught, doctrine,  Mat. 16.12; Jno 7:16, 17, et al ..."
	1.  Find our word, didacaiV in the Lexicon. (far left)     It then refers us to didach. (accent mark in the Lexicon over the h) 2. Now find that word, didach.  (far left w/proper accent mark)     It then refers us to didascw.  (top of page)

Lexical Exercise Two:

   Look up the following words and be prepared to give the English definition found in the Lexicon.

    Pronounce all Greek words and their English definitions aloud both when researching the words and when actually taking the Lexicon quiz exercise.

    It is recommended that you look up the words in the Lexicon and write down the definitions so that you will have them ready when you take the quiz, because there is a time limit on the quiz.

    To download a practice page with the Greek words printed on it and spaces to write down the definitions, please click HERE.  You should print the page and use it to assemble your preliminary list of definitions before taking the quiz itself.

    To open a copy of the Lexicon in a separate window, please click HERE.

grafhn, in N.T.-

grafomen

daimonizomenouV, in the N.T.,

deiliatw

carismatwn

fragellwsaV

carismatwn, as found in I Co 12.4 & 9,

anaceqai, as found in He. 13.22,

anaceqai, as found in 2 Co. 11:20,

anqrakaV

anqrakian

arch, as in Ep. 3.10,

arcaiwn, as in Mat. 24.8, 

rantizw

rantismou

baptizwn

rantismon, as in I Pe. 1.2,

    When you are ready for the quiz, please read the following.

    Leave the Lexicon window open.  You will need it during this quiz should you have a wrong definition on your preliminary list.  If you have already closed the Lexicon window, then please click HERE to reopen it.

1.  It is required that you pronounce all Greek and English words aloud as you take the quiz.

2.  If you answer a question on the quiz incorrectly because you had the wrong definition on your preliminary list, you may utilize the Lexicon to research the meaning and input the correct answer on one of your 4 tries at the question.  Remember, however, that there is a time limit on the quiz and should you be unable to locate the word in the Lexicon before your time runs out, make sure you mark that word on your preliminary list so that you can research it again in the Lexicon before attempting to take the quiz again.

3.  You must score 100% on the quiz before you can go to the next section of this textbook.  You will be allowed 4 tries on each question should you answer incorrectly.  The first 3 wrong answers will not count against your score.  If you miss one of the questions, you may refer to the Lexicon to find the right answer.  That is why you need to prepare your list of definitions before starting the quiz.  With them in hand for the majority of the definitions, you can use your time during the quiz to the best advantage should you have to look up a definition that you had wrong on your list and subsequently answered wrong on the quiz.

    This is just a quiz exercise.  The score will not be used to compute your grade for the course.

4.  There will be a one hour time limit on the quiz which begins when the first question comes up on the screen.  There will be a time-remaining clock in the upper right-hand corner of the screen.

5.  Once you have made your preliminary list of definitions from the Lexicon and you understand the instructions listed above, please click HERE to go to the quiz.

    If you do not have printing access, then you may complete this practice on a sheet of paper, making sure to compare each Greek word you write to the word as printed on the following Vocabulary sheet for accuracy of formation of the Greek letters.

(For purposes of convenience, I have included the instruction graphic

showing the proper way to make each Greek letter. )

Vocabularies III.-VII.

Memorize these vocabulary words and definitions for the next exercise.

Definition Practice sheet, Vocabularies III.-VII.
    You are to practice writing the definitions for your Greek vocabularies III.-VII.  You may use the Vocabularies III.-VII. online sheet while doing this exercise.  Pronounce each Greek word aloud before you write the definition and then pronounce it again after you write the definition.

Please read all of the rest of these instructions before proceeding to download the practice sheet.
You may download a practice sheet for printing by clicking HERE. The practice sheet has the Greek words printed on it and a blank line for you to write in the English definition.  Remember, you are to pronounce the Greek word aloud, then write the English definition while pronouncing it aloud, and then pronounce the Greek word aloud again after writing the English definition.
    If you do not have printing access, then you may complete this practice on a sheet of paper.  Write each Greek word, making sure to compare it to the word on the Vocabulary sheet, shown above, for accuracy of formation of the Greek letters, and then next to it write the definition.  Remember to pronounce each Greek word aloud, then its definition aloud as you write it, and then the Greek word aloud again after writing the definition.

These instructions to speak, write, and then speak again may seem a bit tedious; but they will help you memorize more efficiently because you are involving 4 different senses in the learning process, sight, speech, sound, and touch (seeing, speaking, hearing, and writing), and coordinating three senses as well as involving the comprehension and motor control centers in the process.  This gives you a four-fold involvement to enhance the learning process.